亚洲传统医药

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2012年, 第7卷, 第2期　刊出日期：2012-04-20 上一期    下一期

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Maillard reaction contributing to chemical changes during the processing of Shu Dihuang, the steamed root of Rehmannia glutinosa Yanxia Guo;Xuesen Wen *;Yu Zhao;Guodong Wei;Ping Sun 2012 (2):  50-58.  摘要 ( 933 )   The dried root of Rehmannia glutinosa (Scrophulariaceae), Sheng Dihuang, is a well-known cooling crude drug. After a long period of steaming, it is converted to another form, Shu Dihuang, an antianemic drug. Until now, there has been little information about the chemical basis of this functional transformation. In this work, slices of Sheng Dihuang were steamed for different times (0-60 h). The absorbance at 420 nm of a sample of the aqueous extract increased more than 16 times, while the pH value had decreased from 5.4 to 3.8 by the end of the experiment. The processing was divided into two stages: the early stage (0-12 h) and the later stage (12-60 h). In the early stage, amino acids fell by more than 70%, catalpol, sucrose, raffinose and stachyose decomposed, while 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), glucose, fructose and manninotriose increased. In the later stage, however, amino acids remained at a low level, while HMF and A420 increased linearly. These drastic chemical changes were directly or indirectly related to the Maillard reaction which took place during the preparation of Shu Dihuang. 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Antimicrobial activity of Tinospora cordifolia: an ethnomedicinal plant Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan;Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu *; Kedike Balakrishna;Naif Abdullah AL-Harbi 2012 (2):  59-65.  摘要 ( 1729 )   Various organic solvent extracts of Tinospora cordifolia stem were tested against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Antibacterial activity of crude extract was carried out using disc diffusion method and MIC of isolated compound was tested by broth microdilution method. The antifungal activity was carried out using broth microdilution method. Crude ethanolic extract showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested microbes. A compound [(5R, 10R)-4R, 8R-Dihydroxy-2S, 3R:15, 16-diepoxycleroda-13(16), 17, 12S, 18, 1S-dilactone] was isolated from ethanolic extract. The compound also showed good activity against bacteria and fungi. The lowest MIC values were seen against Bacillus subtilis (200 µg/ml), Enterococcus faecalis (125 µg/ml) Trichophyton simii (31.25 µg/ml), Trichophyton rubrum 57 (62.5 µg/ml) and Trichophyton rubrum 296 (62.5 µg/ml). The crude ethanol extract of Tinospora cordifolia and isolated compound showed activity against tested bacteria and fungi. 相关文章 | 计量指标

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In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities of Solanum spirale Roxb. (Solanaceae) Sukanya Keawsa-ard;Boonsom Liawruangrath *;Surapol Natakankitkul;Sombut Chowwanapoonpohn;Saisunee Liawruangrath;Aphiwat Teerawutgulrag;Stephen G. Pyne 2012 (2):  66-72.  摘要 ( 938 )   The antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of the ethanol extract of the flowers and the hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts of the unripe fruits from Solanum spirale Roxb. were investigated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by examining the scavenging effect on 2, 2´-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH●) and the total phenolic content was estimated by the Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Quantitative determination of phenols in the extracts was carried out using a spectrophotometric method. The ethanol extract of the flowers contained the maximum amount of total phenols (114.00 mg GAE, g extract). The ethanol and methanol extracts of the flowers and unripe fruits inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. These extracts had the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 48.88-375.00 µg/ml. The ethanol extract of the flowers possessed anticancer activity against KB-Oral cavity cancer (IC50=45.970 µg/ml), MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50=27.910 µg/ml), and NCI-H187-Small cell lung cancer (IC50=37.640 µg/ml), but the hexane and methanol extracts of the unripe fruits did not exhibit any anticancer activity. The chloroform extract of the unripe fruits showed anticancer activity against NCI-H187-Small cell lung cancer with an IC50 of 29.230 µg/ml, but it did not have any activity against KB-Oral cavity cancer and MCF-7-Breast cancer. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to describe the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of material obtained from the flowers and unripe fruits of S. spirale. 相关文章 | 计量指标

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In vitro screening of the cytotoxic, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some Uzbek plants used in folk medicine Sobirdjan A. Sasmakov *;Zhanna M. Putieva;Shakhnoz S. Azimova;Ulrike Lindequist 2012 (2):  73-80.  摘要 ( 1012 )   The present work evaluated the antitumor, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of extracts from 24 plants used in Uzbek traditional medicine. The chloroformic extracts of Ecballium elaterium, Conium maculatum, Dodartia orientalis, Peganum harmala, Salvia sclarea, Tragopogon malicus and Vaccaria segetalis exhibited strong cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging between 3.94 and 19.5 µg/ml. The methanolic extracts of Coronaria coriacea, Ligularia macrophylla, Otostegia bucharica, Phlomis bucharica, Salvia aethiopis, S. sclarea, Vaccaria segetalis and Zygophyllum gontscharovii showed remarkable antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and only the extract from Acanthophyllum albidum showed potent antifungal activity against Candida maltosa. The methanolic extracts of 7 plant species showed effective free radical scavenging in the DPPH assay. 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Antibacterial and antioxidative activity of the leaves of Daphniphyllum himalense (Benth.) Muell. Arg. growing in Darjeeling hills Sukanta Majumdar;and Swarnendu Roy * 2012 (2):  81-86.  摘要 ( 347 )   Antibacterial and antioxidative activity of methanol, chloroform and diethyl ether extracts of the leaves of Daphniphyllum himalense (Benth.) Muell. Arg. was examined. All the extracts showed antibacterial activity against the test microorganisms (Pseudomonas mallei MTCC 7300, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 424, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The chloroform extract showed better antibacterial activity against all the test bacterial strains except E. coli as compared to methanol and diethyl ether extract. However, both chloroform and methanol extract exhibited satisfactory antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, which are known to be pathogenic to human. In vitro antioxidant activity of all the extracts of leaves of D. himalense was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay, reducing power assay, H2O2 scavenging activity and total phenol content. Among all the three extracts, diethyl ether showed highest DPPH scavenging power and reducing power activity. The methanolic extract exhibited higher phenolic content and as a result an enhanced H2O2 scavenging activity, followed by the chloroform extract. 相关文章 | 计量指标

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Preliminary phytochemical screening, physico-chemical parameters and in vitro antimicrobial activity of leaves of Hugonia mystax L. (Linaceae) Arumugam Vimalavady;Kadavul Krishnan;Arumugame Chanemougame Tangavelou 2012 (2):  87-95.  摘要 ( 728 )   An ethnomedicinal plant, Hugonia mystax L., was examined for preliminary phytochemical screening, physiochemical parameters and antimicrobial activity. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of various classes of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Physico chemical parameters helps to identify the crude drugs from adulterants and the antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts showed significant activity against the human pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae causing brain abscesses, pneumonia and septic arthritis; Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing urinary tract infections and septicaemia; Salmonella typhi causing typhoid fever, Vibrio species causing diarrheal infections and the fungus Candida albicans causes urinary tract infections. The antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts showed concentration-dependent activity against all the tested bacteria at various concentrations. The determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were carried out. Thus the present findings revealed the medicinal potential of H. mystax to develop a drug against various human ailments. 相关文章 | 计量指标